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&lt;!-- mime +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;h2 id=&quot;mime&quot;&gt;MIME&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
The &lt;tt&gt;mime&lt;/tt&gt; namespace offers filters that apply and remove common
content transfer encodings, such as Base64 and Quoted-Printable.
It also provides functions to break text into lines and change
the end-of-line convention.
MIME is described mainly in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt&quot;&gt;RFC 2045&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt&quot;&gt;2046&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2047.txt&quot;&gt;2047&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2047.txt&quot;&gt;2048&lt;/a&gt;, and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2048.txt&quot;&gt;2049&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
All functionality provided by the MIME module
follows the ideas presented in
&lt;a href=&quot;http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks&quot;&gt;
LTN012, Filters sources and sinks&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;
To obtain the &lt;tt&gt;mime&lt;/tt&gt; namespace, run:
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
-- loads the MIME module and everything it requires
local mime = require(&quot;mime&quot;)
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;!-- High-level +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;high&quot;&gt;High-level filters&lt;/h3&gt;


&lt;!-- decode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;decode&quot;&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;decode(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;base64&quot;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;decode(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;quoted-printable&quot;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Returns a filter that decodes data from a given transfer content
encoding.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- encode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;encode&quot;&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;encode(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;base64&quot;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;encode(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;quoted-printable&quot; [, mode]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Returns a filter that encodes data according to a given transfer content
encoding.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
In the Quoted-Printable case, the user can specify whether the data is
textual or binary, by passing the &lt;tt&gt;mode&lt;/tt&gt; strings &quot;&lt;tt&gt;text&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; or
&quot;&lt;tt&gt;binary&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. &lt;tt&gt;Mode&lt;/tt&gt; defaults to &quot;&lt;tt&gt;text&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Although both transfer content encodings specify a limit for the line
length, the encoding filters do &lt;em&gt;not&lt;/em&gt; break text into lines (for
added flexibility).
Below is a filter that converts binary data to the Base64 transfer content
encoding and breaks it into lines of the correct size.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
base64 = ltn12.filter.chain(
  mime.encode(&quot;base64&quot;),
  mime.wrap(&quot;base64&quot;)
)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: Text data &lt;em&gt;has&lt;/em&gt; to be converted to canonic form
&lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; being encoded.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
base64 = ltn12.filter.chain(
  mime.normalize(),
  mime.encode(&quot;base64&quot;),
  mime.wrap(&quot;base64&quot;)
)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- normalize ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;normalize&quot;&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;normalize(&lt;/b&gt;[marker]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Converts most common end-of-line markers to a specific given marker.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;Marker&lt;/tt&gt; is the new marker. It defaults to CRLF, the canonic
end-of-line marker defined by the MIME standard.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;return&quot;&gt;
The function returns a filter that performs the conversion.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: There is no perfect solution to this problem. Different end-of-line
markers are an evil that will probably plague developers forever.
This function, however, will work perfectly for text created with any of
the most common end-of-line markers, i.e. the Mac OS (CR), the Unix (LF),
or the DOS (CRLF) conventions. Even if the data has mixed end-of-line
markers, the function will still work well, although it doesn&#039;t
guarantee that the number of empty lines will be correct.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- stuff +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;stuff&quot;&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;stuff()&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Creates and returns a filter that performs stuffing of SMTP messages.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The &lt;a href=&quot;smtp.html#send&quot;&gt;&lt;tt&gt;smtp.send&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; function
uses this filter automatically. You don&#039;t need to chain it with your
source, or apply it to your message body.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- wrap +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;wrap&quot;&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;wrap(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;text&quot; [, length]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;wrap(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;base64&quot;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;
mime.&lt;b&gt;wrap(&lt;/b&gt;&quot;quoted-printable&quot;&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Returns a filter that breaks data into lines.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
The &quot;&lt;tt&gt;text&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; line-wrap filter simply breaks text into lines by
inserting CRLF end-of-line markers at appropriate positions.
&lt;tt&gt;Length&lt;/tt&gt; defaults 76.
The &quot;&lt;tt&gt;base64&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; line-wrap filter works just like the default
&quot;&lt;tt&gt;text&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; line-wrap filter with default length.
The function can also wrap &quot;&lt;tt&gt;quoted-printable&lt;/tt&gt;&quot; lines, taking care
not to break lines in the middle of an escaped character. In that case, the
line length is fixed at 76.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
For example, to create an encoding filter for the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding of text data, do the following:
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
qp = ltn12.filter.chain(
  mime.normalize(),
  mime.encode(&quot;quoted-printable&quot;),
  mime.wrap(&quot;quoted-printable&quot;)
)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: To break into lines with a different end-of-line convention, apply
a normalization filter after the line break filter.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- Low-level ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;low&quot;&gt;Low-level filters&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;!-- b64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;b64&quot;&gt;
A, B = mime.&lt;b&gt;b64(&lt;/b&gt;C [, D]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to perform Base64 encoding.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the encoded version of the largest prefix of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;
that can be encoded unambiguously. &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; has the remaining bytes of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; encoding.
If &lt;tt&gt;D&lt;/tt&gt; is &lt;tt&gt;&lt;b&gt;nil&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is padded with
the encoding of the remaining bytes of &lt;tt&gt;C&lt;/tt&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it&#039;s
Base64 transfer content encoding. Notice the extra parenthesis around the
call to &lt;tt&gt;mime.b64&lt;/tt&gt;, to discard the second return value.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
print((mime.b64(&quot;diego:password&quot;)))
--&amp;gt; ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ=
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- dot +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;dot&quot;&gt;
A, n = mime.&lt;b&gt;dot(&lt;/b&gt;m [, B]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to perform SMTP stuffing and enable transmission of
messages containing the sequence &quot;CRLF.CRLF&quot;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the stuffed version of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt;. &#039;&lt;tt&gt;n&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; gives the
number of characters from the sequence CRLF seen in the end of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt;.
&#039;&lt;tt&gt;m&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; should tell the same, but for the previous chunk.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Note: The message body is defined to begin with
an implicit CRLF. Therefore, to stuff a message correctly, the
first &lt;tt&gt;m&lt;/tt&gt; should have the value 2.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
print((string.gsub(mime.dot(2, &quot;.\r\nStuffing the message.\r\n.\r\n.&quot;), &quot;\r\n&quot;, &quot;\\n&quot;)))
--&amp;gt; ..\nStuffing the message.\n..\n..
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The &lt;a href=&quot;smtp.html#send&quot;&gt;&lt;tt&gt;smtp.send&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; function
uses this filter automatically. You don&#039;t need to
apply it again.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- eol ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;eol&quot;&gt;
A, B = mime.&lt;b&gt;eol(&lt;/b&gt;C [, D, marker]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to perform end-of-line marker translation.
For each chunk, the function needs to know if the last character of the
previous chunk could be part of an end-of-line marker or not. This is the
context the function receives besides the chunk.  An updated version of
the context is returned after each new chunk.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the translated version of &lt;tt&gt;D&lt;/tt&gt;. &lt;tt&gt;C&lt;/tt&gt; is the
ASCII value of the last character of the previous chunk, if it was a
candidate for line break, or 0 otherwise.
&lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; is the same as &lt;tt&gt;C&lt;/tt&gt;, but for the current
chunk. &lt;tt&gt;Marker&lt;/tt&gt; gives the new end-of-line marker and defaults to CRLF.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
-- translates the end-of-line marker to UNIX
unix = mime.eol(0, dos, &quot;\n&quot;)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- qp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;qp&quot;&gt;
A, B = mime.&lt;b&gt;qp(&lt;/b&gt;C [, D, marker]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to perform Quoted-Printable encoding.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the encoded version of the largest prefix of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;
that can be encoded unambiguously. &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; has the remaining bytes of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; encoding.
If &lt;tt&gt;D&lt;/tt&gt; is &lt;tt&gt;&lt;b&gt;nil&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is padded with
the encoding of the remaining bytes of &lt;tt&gt;C&lt;/tt&gt;.
Throughout encoding, occurrences of CRLF are replaced by the
&lt;tt&gt;marker&lt;/tt&gt;, which itself defaults to CRLF.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it&#039;s
Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding.
Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to &lt;tt&gt;mime.qp&lt;/tt&gt;, to discard the second return value.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
print((mime.qp(&quot;ma��&quot;)))
--&amp;gt; ma=E7=E3=
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- qpwrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;qpwrp&quot;&gt;
A, m = mime.&lt;b&gt;qpwrp(&lt;/b&gt;n [, B, length]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to break Quoted-Printable text into lines.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is a copy of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt;, broken into lines of at most
&lt;tt&gt;length&lt;/tt&gt; bytes (defaults to 76).
&#039;&lt;tt&gt;n&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; should tell how many bytes are left for the first
line of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; and &#039;&lt;tt&gt;m&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; returns the number of bytes
left in the last line of &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: Besides breaking text into lines, this function makes sure the line
breaks don&#039;t fall in the middle of an escaped character combination. Also,
this function only breaks lines that are bigger than &lt;tt&gt;length&lt;/tt&gt; bytes.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;!-- unb64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;unb64&quot;&gt;
A, B = mime.&lt;b&gt;unb64(&lt;/b&gt;C [, D]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to perform Base64 decoding.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the decoded version of the largest prefix of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;
that can be decoded unambiguously. &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; has the remaining bytes of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; decoding.
If &lt;tt&gt;D&lt;/tt&gt; is &lt;tt&gt;&lt;b&gt;nil&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the empty string
and &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; returns whatever couldn&#039;t be decoded.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it&#039;s
Base64 transfer content encoding.
Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to &lt;tt&gt;mime.unqp&lt;/tt&gt;, to discard the second return value.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
print((mime.unb64(&quot;ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ=&quot;)))
--&amp;gt; diego:password
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- unqp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;unqp&quot;&gt;
A, B = mime.&lt;b&gt;unqp(&lt;/b&gt;C [, D]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to remove the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding
from data.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is the decoded version of the largest prefix of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;
that can be decoded unambiguously. &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; has the remaining bytes of
&lt;tt&gt;C..D&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; decoding.
If &lt;tt&gt;D&lt;/tt&gt; is &lt;tt&gt;&lt;b&gt;nil&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/tt&gt;, &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is augmented with
the encoding of the remaining bytes of &lt;tt&gt;C&lt;/tt&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it&#039;s
Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding.
Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to &lt;tt&gt;mime.unqp&lt;/tt&gt;, to discard the second return value.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;pre class=&quot;example&quot;&gt;
print((mime.qp(&quot;ma=E7=E3=&quot;)))
--&amp;gt; ma��
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;!-- wrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;name&quot; id=&quot;wrp&quot;&gt;
A, m = mime.&lt;b&gt;wrp(&lt;/b&gt;n [, B, length]&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;
Low-level filter to break text into lines with CRLF marker.
Text is assumed to be in the &lt;a href=&quot;#normalize&quot;&gt;&lt;tt&gt;normalize&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/a&gt; form.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;parameters&quot;&gt;
&lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt; is a copy of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt;, broken into lines of at most
&lt;tt&gt;length&lt;/tt&gt; bytes (defaults to 76).
&#039;&lt;tt&gt;n&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; should tell how many bytes are left for the first
line of &lt;tt&gt;B&lt;/tt&gt; and &#039;&lt;tt&gt;m&lt;/tt&gt;&#039; returns the number of bytes
left in the last line of &lt;tt&gt;A&lt;/tt&gt;.
&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;note&quot;&gt;
Note: This function only breaks lines that are bigger than
&lt;tt&gt;length&lt;/tt&gt; bytes. The resulting line length does not include the CRLF
marker.
&lt;/p&gt;


&lt;!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;bar&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;index.html&quot;&gt;home&lt;/a&gt; &amp;middot;
&lt;a href=&quot;index.html#down&quot;&gt;download&lt;/a&gt; &amp;middot;
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&lt;a href=&quot;introduction.html&quot;&gt;introduction&lt;/a&gt; &amp;middot;
&lt;a href=&quot;reference.html&quot;&gt;reference&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;
&lt;small&gt;
Last modified by Diego Nehab on &lt;br&gt;
Fri Mar  4 15:19:17 BRT 2016
&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
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